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Lettera al SGNU;
al Presidente del CSNU; agli Stati membri del CSNU; ai Testimoni, UE È venuto alla attenzione
dell’Eritrea che, con una lettera datata 22 settembre 2007, il Ministro
degli esteri etiopico ha indicato l'intenzione dell'Etiopia di tentare
di rinunciare ai due accordi di Algeri che avevano messo fine alla
guerra di confine Eritrea-Etiopia del 1998-2000. La sola tribuna legale per la risoluzione degli argomenti pertinenti alle disposizioni, di delimitazione e di demarcazione, dell'accordo di Algeri è la Commissione Confini Eritrea-Etiopia situata presso la corte permanente di arbitrato all'Aia. Questo principio è sancito dagli articoli 4.12 e 4.15 dell'accordo di pace di Algeri. Ne il ministro degli esteri dell'Etiopia, ministro degli esteri dell’Eritrea, ne qualunque altro partito ha l'autorità legale per presentare o contestare queste questioni in qualunque altra tribuna. L'articolo 4.2 dell'accordo di Algeri prevede una decisione “immodificabile e finale” della EEBC, senza appello e senza alcun meccanismo parallelo di revisione, sostituzione o supplemento alle sue funzioni. Il Consiglio di sicurezza delle NU ha obblighi di sicurezza e legali di far rispettare le decisioni finali e obbligatorie della EEBC.
La lettera
del ministro degli esteri dell'Etiopia deve essere interpretata nello
spirito e nel quadro di questi punti fondamentali. Ripetute violazioni degli
accordi di Algeri da parte dell'Etiopia
Ricorso maldestro dell'Etiopia
alla Convenzione di Vienna
[1] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Sixteenth report on the work of the Commission (24 February 2005), at paragraph 17. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2005/142 (7 March 2005). [2] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Eighth report on the work of the Commission (21 February 2003), at paragraph 3. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2003/257 (6 March 2003). [3] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [4] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [5] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [6] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Sixteenth report on the work of the Commission (24 February 2005), at paragraph 25. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2005/142 (7 March 2005). [7] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [8] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [9] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [10] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Sixteenth report on the work of the Commission (24 February 2005), at paragraph 26. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2005/142 (7 March 2005). [11] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Eleventh report on the work of the Commission (1 December 2003), at paragraph 20. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2003/1186 (19 December 2003). [12] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [13] Algiers Agreement (12 December 2000), at Article 4(17). [14] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Sixteenth report on the work of the Commission (24 February 2005), at paragraph 3. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2005/142 (7 March 2005). [15] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Hearing Transcript (10 March 2006), at pages 51-60. [16] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [17] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Twenty-first report on the work of the Commission (8 September 2006), at paragraph 10. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/749 (19 September 2006). [18] Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Statement by the Commission (27 November 2006). Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Special report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2006/992 (15 December 2006). [19] As President Lauterpacht stated, There is no basis for the suggestion that the Commission has been appeasing Eritrea. Nor can such a suggestion, however unfounded, obscure the fact that Ethiopia has itself been in breach of its obligations under the Algiers Agreement in several important respects. It is sufficient here to mention one serious one, namely, Ethiopia’s continued failure to comply with the Commission’s Order of 17 July 2002 requiring Ethiopia forthwith to arrange for the return to Ethiopian territory of those persons in Dembe Mengul who were moved from Ethiopia pursuant to an Ethiopian resettlement programme since 13 April 2002 and to report to the Commission on the implementation of this order by 30 September 2002. Ethiopia has made no report to the Commission. A more detailed account of Ethiopia’s lack of cooperation and breaches of its obligations is set out in today’s Statement of the Commission. Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Letter from the President of the Commission to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia (27 November 2006) (emphasis added). Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2007/33 (22 January 2007). See also Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Twenty-second report on the work of the Commission (21 December 2006), at paragraph 12 (emphasis added): Finally, the Commission regrets that Ethiopia, despite repeated reminders since 21 May 2006, has still not paid the contribution to the work of the Commission presently due from it, as required by Article 4 (17) of the Algiers Agreement. The Commission has, therefore, been obliged to request access to the United Nations Trust Fund for Eritrea and Ethiopia in order to meet its commitments. Annexed to United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2007/33 (22 January 2007). The Commission has also noted on many occasions that expeditious demarcation is itself a requirement of the Algiers Agreement. [20] See Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), at Article 70 (1) U.N.T.S. volume 1155, page 331 (emphasis added). [21] “Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall affect the rights or obligations of the parties under any provisions in force binding the parties with regard to the settlement of disputes.” Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), at Article 65(4). U.N.T.S. volume 1155, page 331.
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